ABSTRACT
Introduction: Children with physical disabilities often present deficient oral hygiene and eating habits that threaten optimal oral health. Objective: To evaluate the result of a preventive program based on multiple intelligences to pro-mote oral health care in children with physical disabilities in Chiclayo - Peru. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, quan-titative, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out from the year 2020, to test a preventive intervention based on multiple intelligences (MI), comparing it with an intervention with traditional methodology, whose purpose was in both cases promote preventive oral health care in 167 boys and girls with physical disabilities from four Special Basic Education Centers (CEBES) in Chiclayo. For the pre- and post-test evaluation using a dental record of oral hygiene practices, oral hygiene index and dietary exposure to sugary carbohydrates, the Mann Whitney U test was required, with a confidence level of 95%. Results: After not very encouraging findings in the pretest for both groups, significant changes were observed in the posttest in favor of the IM-based program, for which 58% of schoolchildren registered an adequate oral hygiene index, 69.2% brushed twice to three times a day and that only 35.8% present regular exposure to carbohydrates. Statistical significance was evidenced in favor of the MI-based intervention for the three indicated variables (p= 0.000). Conclusions: The application of the IM-based program achieved better results in the significant promotion of oral hygiene practices with a favorable record of the IHO and by reducing the exposure to carbohydrates in a vulnerable population.Keywords: Health promotion; Oral health; Preventive dentistry; Health education; Children with disabilities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Oral Hygiene , Oral Health , Preventive Dentistry/methods , Disabled Persons , Peru/epidemiology , Health Education , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Introduction: The process to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive programs involves follow-up and monitoring activities, assessing if these programs really contribute to the improvement of oral health conditions of the target population. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral health programs, according to their levels of prevention, applied to schoolchildren at educational institutions in Chiclayo and Pimentel, in the district of Lambayeque, Peru. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was carried out on 237 schoolchildren between 6 and 7 years of age, from four educational institutions located in Chiclayo and Pimentel. A record of the oral hygiene index and caries' incidence was carried out in four stages, including a baseline diagnosis and three follow-up evaluations every six months between 2016 and 2017, with a previously verified calibration process for the oral hygiene index (k=0.86) and for caries registration (k=0.79). Results: A greater effectiveness was observed in programs with level 2 prevention, achieving a progressive decrease in the oral hygiene index from a baseline mean of 2.04 to 1.98 at 6 months, 1.77 at 12 months and 1.64 at 18 months, with significant differences between them. Regarding the incidence of caries in permanent first molars, no significant differences were found in the effectiveness of programs with levels 1 and 2 of prevention, according to mixed factorial ANOVA (p<0.05). Conclusion: Programs with level 2 prevention have a greater effectiveness in terms of improving oral hygiene conditions, with significant differences in comparison to programs with level 1 prevention. No significant differences were found between the effectiveness of Level 1 and 2 programs regarding the incidence of dental caries.
Introducción: La efectividad como proceso de evaluación de los programas preventivos implica acompañamiento y seguimiento, permitiendo determinar si realmente contribuyen a mejorar las condiciones de salud bucal de una población. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de programas de salud bucal según sus niveles de prevención aplicados a escolares de instituciones educativas de Chiclayo y Pimentel, LambayequePerú. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal, con 237 escolares entre 6 y 7 años de cuatro instituciones educativas de Chiclayo y Pimentel. El registro del índice de higiene oral y de incidencia de caries fue realizado en cuatro momentos, incluyendo un diagnóstico basal y tres evaluaciones de seguimiento cada seis meses entre los años 2016 y 2017, habiendo verificado un proceso previo de calibración para el índice de higiene oral (k=0.86) y para el registro de caries (k=0.79). Resultados: Se determinó una mayor efectividad en los programas con nivel 2 de prevención, logrando disminuir progresivamente el índice de higiene oral de una media basal de 2,04 a 1,98 a los 6 meses, 1,77 a los 12 meses y 1,64 a los 18 meses, encontrando diferencias significativas. En cuanto a incidencia de caries en primeras molares permanentes, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la efectividad de los programas con niveles 1 y 2 de prevención, ANOVA factorial mixto (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los programas con nivel 2 de prevención alcanzan mayor efectividad en cuanto a mejorar las condiciones de higiene oral, encontrando diferencias significativas en comparación a los programas con nivel 1. En cuanto a incidencia de caries, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la efectividad de los programas de nivel 1 y 2.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , School Health Services , Oral Health/education , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Oral Hygiene/education , Peru , Program Evaluation , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Dental Caries/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Determinar los niveles de ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología del V ciclo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres û Filial Norte en el año 2013. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el cual a todos los alumnos del V ciclo se les tomó el cuestionario IDARE (inventario de ansiedad rasgo estado). Resultados. La muestra fue constituida por 59 alumnos, el 55,93% fueron mujeres y 44,07% hombres. En relación a los niveles de ansiedad-estado, el 3,39% de los estudiantes tuvo un nivel bajo, el 49,15% medio y el 47,46% alto. En los niveles de ansiedad-rasgo el 3,39% fue bajo, 45,76% medio y el 50,85% alto. Los puntajes promedios de escala ansiedad-estado fueron de 45,92 ± 9,29 para los hombres y de 47 ± 8,12 para las mujeres. En la escala ansiedad-rasgo, los promedios fueron de 43,92 ± 7,83 para los hombres y de 46,97 ± 6,4 para las mujeres. Según el sexo, en las escalas ansiedad-estado y ansiedad-rasgo no se observaron diferenciassignificativas (p>0,05). Conclusiones. La ansiedad aparece como fenómeno frecuente en los estudiantes del V ciclo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres û Filial Norte. La relación de estos niveles con el sexo no fue significativa...
To determine the levels of anxiety in dental students of V cycle, Faculty of Dentistry, University San Martin de Porres - North Branch in 2013. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, in which all students of the V cycle did the IDARE questionnaire (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results. The sample was composed of 59 students, 55,93% were female and 44,07% male. In relation to the levels of anxiety-state, 3,39% of students had a low level, 49,15% a middle level and 47,46% a high one. In the levels trait ûanxiety 3,39% was low, 45,76% middle and 50,85% high. Average scores state -anxiety scale were 45,92 ± 9,29 for men and 47 ± 8,12 for women. In trait -anxiety scale, the averages were 43,92 ± 7,83 for males and 46,97 ± 6.4 for women. According to sex, in anxiety-state and trait -anxiety scales significant differences (p> 0,05) were observed. Conclusions. Anxiety appears as a frequent phenomenon in the V cycle students of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Universidad de San Martin de Porres - North Branch. The relationship of these levels with sex was not significant...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety , Students, Dental , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de literatura actualizada sobre la osteonecrosis de los maxilares, relacionado con el tratamiento con bifosfonatos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Medline y Scielo y se escogió artículos (reportes de caso, ensayos clínicos, revisiones de literatura y consensos) que van desde el año 2003 hasta abril de 2014. Los términos utilizados en la búsqueda fueron: bifosfonatos, osteonecrosis y osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a bifosfonatos. Sobre la base de la literatura disponible el uso de bifosfonatos ha demostrado su eficacia para el tratamiento de diversas afecciones. Con relación al manejo odontológico en estos pacientes se clasifica de acuerdo a la duración y la vía de administración de los bifosfonatos...
The objective of this article is to make a review of current literature on osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate therapy. A literature search in PubMed, Medline and Scielo was made and articles (case reports, clinical trials, literature reviews and consensus) were chosen ranging from 2003 to April 2014. The terms used in the search were bisphosphonates, osteonecrosis and osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonates. Based on the available literature the use of bisphosphonates has proven effective for the treatment of various diseases. Regarding the odontologic treatment of these patients is classified according to the duration and route of administration of bisphosphonates...